Which of the following is considered a major risk factor for cardiovascular disease?

Smoking is widely recognized as a major risk factor for cardiovascular disease due to its detrimental effects on the cardiovascular system. It introduces a variety of harmful chemicals into the body, which can lead to the development of atherosclerosis – the buildup of plaque in the arteries. This buildup narrows the arteries and restricts blood flow, significantly increasing the risk of heart attacks and strokes. Smoking also increases heart rate and blood pressure, making the heart work harder.

In contrast, low blood pressure, physical activity, and a low sodium diet are generally associated with better cardiovascular health. Low blood pressure is often considered protective against heart disease, while regular physical activity is a key component of heart health, contributing to better circulation and lower cholesterol levels. A low sodium diet can also contribute to lower blood pressure and reduced risk of cardiovascular conditions.