Which of the following contributes to the risk factors for cardiovascular disease (CVD)?

The correct answer, which identifies stress as a contributor to the risk factors for cardiovascular disease (CVD), highlights the significant impact that psychological and emotional factors can have on heart health. Stress triggers a variety of physiological responses in the body, including the release of hormones like cortisol and adrenaline, which can lead to increased heart rate, elevated blood pressure, and inflammation. Over time, chronic stress can result in damage to blood vessels, contribute to arterial plaque buildup, and lead to unhealthy coping mechanisms, such as poor diet and sedentary behavior, which further increase the risk of CVD.

Conversely, the other choices, high fiber intake, regular physical activity, and proper hydration, are associated with protective effects against cardiovascular disease. High fiber intake is beneficial for heart health, as it helps lower cholesterol levels and maintain healthy blood pressure. Regular physical activity strengthens the heart and improves circulation, while proper hydration is essential for maintaining overall bodily functions, including cardiovascular health. Each of these factors contributes positively to reducing the risk of CVD, making stress the only choice among the options that increases risk.